Smooth isometric immersions of surfaces into ℝ4

Formal proof listed 1 paper September 23, 2026
What the paper claims, in its own words

Every closed smooth Riemannian surface admits a smooth isometric immersion into ℝ4, resolving the closed-surface form of the four-dimensional isometric-immersion problem. This includes nonorientable surfaces and metrics of arbitrary Gaussian curvature.

The plain-language explainer for this entry is still coming.

The original paper